Michigan test archive · Comparison 1

1983 Ford Mustang vs 1983 Ford LTD Crown Victoria S

Two of the five Fords in the 1983 Michigan test: a Mustang the book did not score, and the LTD Crown Victoria S that scored highest. The same acceleration day, the same road course and the same four lap drivers.

1983 Ford Mustang 302 H.O.Mustang
1983 Ford LTD Crown Victoria S 351Crown Victoria S
0–60 mph8.32 s
0–60 mph12.22 s
0–100 mph22.71 s
0–100 mph39.81 s
Top speed132.0 mph
Top speed117.9 mph
Lap average1:28.31
Lap average1:30.59
Braking rate24.969 ft/s²
Braking rate23.988 ft/s²
Total scorenot scored
Total score+0.528

The short answer

On the 8 measures both cars share, the Mustang was ahead on all 8: 0–60 mph, 0–100 mph, quarter mile, distance to reach 100 mph, top speed, lap average, fastest single lap and braking rate.

Michigan’s scoring: the Crown Victoria S had the highest total weighted score (+0.528) of the five cars Michigan scored. The Mustang was not one of the five cars run against the specification and was not scored, so Michigan did not rank the two against each other. The bids were unopened when the book went to print, so the book records no award.

The measures are the ones the head-to-head table below compares for both cars (marked ▲, or level); figures the rules box leaves uncompared or compares only with a caution (such as fuel figures from different sources) are not counted, and a figure worked out from another, such as a 60–0 distance from the braking rate, is not counted twice. Neither line says which car was the better police car; that depends on what the car is for.

Meet the two cars

1983 Ford Mustang 302 H.O.

A Mustang, sales code P-26,28, with the 302 H.O. V8, a four-barrel carburettor, 175 horsepower at 4,600 rpm and a four-speed manual overdrive gearbox on a 3.08 axle; test weight 2,970 lb. The book’s preface counts it among the “15 police package cars” and lists it with the cars tested for acceleration, top speed, braking and vehicle dynamics. It was not one of the five cars “competing against the Michigan State Police specifications”, so it has no ergonomics rating and no score. The 1982 book had tested a Mustang without publishing its figures; this is the first Mustang with figures in these books.

1983 Ford LTD Crown Victoria S 351

An LTD Crown Victoria S, sales code P43, with the 351W H.O. V8, Ford’s 7200 variable-venturi carburettor and dual exhaust, 165 horsepower at 3,600 rpm and the four-speed AOD automatic overdrive on a 2.73 axle; test weight 4,059 lb. It was one of the five cars run against the specification, and its total weighted score, +0.528, was the highest of the five. The bids were still sealed when the book went to print, so there was no award.

Why these two

They are two of the five Fords in the 1983 test and the two cars at the top of it: the Mustang has the quickest figures in the book, and the Crown Victoria S the highest score. With the same maker, the same acceleration day, the same road course and the same lap drivers, the gap between them is the gap between the quickest car Michigan tested that year and the car its scoring placed first.

The rules for this comparison. ✓ compared · ! compared with a caution · ✕ not compared

  • Same test. Both are in the 1983 book. Acceleration and top speed were run at the Chrysler Proving Grounds on 18 September 1982: the Crown Victoria S at 10:52 a.m. (54 °F, wind 8 mph), the Mustang at 12:20 p.m. (58 °F, wind 14 mph).
  • Acceleration and top speed. Four-run averages, two runs in each direction “to allow for wind direction”; top speed is the highest reached within 14 miles.
  • Laps. Same course (the 1.635-mile Michigan International Speedway road course), same four drivers, and the same scoring: the average of the 12 fastest of 16 laps.
  • Braking. Same procedure: four controlled stops from 90 mph, then a measured 60–0 stop, repeated after four minutes. The printed rates are compared; a 60–0 distance worked out from the average rate is marked computed.
  • Speed limiters. The 1983 book marks no speed limiters.
  • Scored and rated. Only the five cars run against the specification were rated and scored. The Mustang has neither, so neither is compared.
  • Fuel economy. The Crown Victoria’s figures are EPA estimates; the Mustang’s were “supplied by Ford Motor Corporation” as whole numbers. Both are shown, with that difference noted.

Head to head

Every figure as printed in the book unless marked computed or projected. ▲ marks the car ahead on that measure.
MeasureMustangCrown Victoria SDifferenceNote
0–60 mph (s)8.32 ▲12.223.90 s
0–100 mph (s)22.71 ▲39.8117.10 s
Quarter mile16.68 s @ 86.25 mph ▲18.83 s @ 75.25 mph2.15 s
Distance to reach 100 mph0.41 mile ▲0.77 mile0.36 mile
Top speed (mph)132.0 ▲117.914.1 mph
Lap average (12 of 16)1:28.31 ▲1:30.592.28 s
Fastest single lap1:26.52 ▲1:28.942.42 sBoth by Floate
Braking rate, average (ft/s²)24.969 ▲23.9880.981
60–0 from that rate (ft)155.1 ▲161.46.3 ftcomputed
EPA city / highway / combined (mpg)17 / 28 / 2114 / 24 / 17—Mustang: Ford’s figures
Ergonomics (points)not rated202.93—not compared
Total weighted scorenot scored+0.528—not compared

The run to 100 mph

0204060801000510152025303540seconds from a standing startmph
0204060801000510152025303540seconds from a standing startmph
MustangCrown Victoria S

Each point is a four-run average from the book’s Table 3. At every 10-mph step the Mustang got there first; by 100 mph it was 17.10 seconds ahead.

Every 10-mph step, in seconds
0 to…MustangCrown Victoria SGap
20 mph2.332.880.55
30 mph3.404.791.39
40 mph4.696.742.05
50 mph6.429.142.72
60 mph8.3212.223.90
70 mph10.7016.265.56
80 mph14.2321.357.12
90 mph18.1628.9410.78
100 mph22.7139.8117.10

Under the skin

Length179.1 in209.3 inWheelbase100.4 in114.3 inHeight51.9 in54.7 inTurning circle37.36 ft39.2 ftTest weight2,970 lb4,059 lbRear leg room29.7 in40.7 inInterior volume84 cu ft111 cu ftTrunk volume8 cu ft22.4 cu ft
Length179.1 in209.3 inWheelbase100.4 in114.3 inHeight51.9 in54.7 inTurning circle37.36 ft39.2 ftTest weight2,970 lb4,059 lbRear leg room29.7 in40.7 inInterior volume84 cu ft111 cu ftTrunk volume8 cu ft22.4 cu ft
MustangCrown Victoria S

Each pair of bars is drawn to its own scale, from zero. The figures are the book’s, as in the table below.

From the book’s Table 1 (printed p.3) and the Appendix B sheets (pp.33 and 42). Test weight per horsepower is computed here from the printed figures; the book does not print it. The book does not say what its test weight includes.
SpecificationMustangCrown Victoria S
Sales codeP-26,28P43
Engine302 H.O. V8, 5.0 L351W H.O. V8, 5.8 L
Carburettor4-barrelFord 7200 VV (two variable venturis)
Exhaustsingledual
Horsepower (SAE net)175 @ 4,600 rpm165 @ 3,600 rpm
Torque (lb-ft)245 @ 2,400 rpm290 @ 2,200 rpm
Compression8.4:18.3:1
Transmission4-speed manual overdrive (RUG-EM)4-speed automatic overdrive, AOD (PKA-AS5)
Axle ratio3.082.73
Steeringrack and pinionrecirculating ball, power
Front suspensionhybrid McPherson strut, coil springsindependent parallel A-arms, coil springs
Rear suspension4-bar link, coil springs4-bar link, coil springs
Brakes (swept area, sq in)disc 176.6 / drum 110.0disc 228.7 / drum 157.1
TyresP205/70R14P225/70R15
Length / wheelbase (in)179.1 / 100.4209.3 / 114.3
Height (in)51.954.7
Turning circle (ft)37.3639.2
Test weight (lb)2,9704,059
Test weight per horsepower (lb)17.024.6
Rear leg room (in)29.740.7
Interior / trunk volume (cu ft)84 / 8111 / 22.4

Run by run

Mustang: the four acceleration runs (12:20 p.m., 58 °F, wind 14 mph from 330°)
Distance to reach 100 mph: 0.41 mile. Top speed: 132.0 mph.
SecondsRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Average
0–608.628.138.218.328.32
0–8014.6814.0213.8614.3414.23
0–10022.6122.8021.7023.7122.71
Crown Victoria S: the four acceleration runs (10:52 a.m., 54 °F, wind 8 mph from 350°)
Distance to reach 100 mph: 0.77 mile. Top speed: 117.9 mph.
SecondsRun 1Run 2Run 3Run 4Average
0–6011.9112.6212.2112.1512.22
0–8020.7522.4620.5621.6421.35
0–10037.2943.1036.7942.0739.81

The Mustang’s four runs to 100 mph were within 2.01 seconds of each other. The Crown Victoria’s were 6.31 seconds apart: its second and fourth runs were 4.8 to 6.3 seconds slower than its first and third. The book runs two in each direction to allow for wind, but does not say which runs went which way.

Around the road course

1:261:271:281:291:301:311:321:331:34FloateRingOlsenSteendamMustang average 1:28.31Crown Victoria S average 1:30.59lap time (minutes:seconds); further left is quicker
1:261:271:281:291:301:311:321:331:34FloateRingOlsenSteendamMustang 1:28.31Crown Victoria S 1:30.59lap time (min:sec); further left is quicker
Mustang lapCrown Victoria S lapdeleted for averagingaverage as printed
Mustang: all sixteen laps (average 1:28.31)
DriverLap 1Lap 2Lap 3Lap 4
Floate1:27.111:26.571:26.521:26.53
Ring1:30.931:30.881:29.891:29.30
Olsen1:29.261:29.411:28.801:29.03
Steendam1:29.571:28.811:29.471:28.90
Crown Victoria S: all sixteen laps (average 1:30.59)
DriverLap 1Lap 2Lap 3Lap 4
Floate1:29.591:29.421:29.581:28.94
Ring1:30.531:30.491:30.351:30.56
Olsen1:32.631:33.211:31.891:31.90
Steendam1:32.201:32.141:31.651:32.30

Each car’s four laps that the book deleted for averaging are hollow in the chart and struck through in grey in the tables (“Shaded areas indicate times deleted for overall averaging purposes”). Floate was the quickest driver in both cars; his slowest Mustang lap, 1:27.11, was quicker than his quickest Crown Victoria lap, 1:28.94.

Braking in detail

020406080100120140160180Phase I151.3 ft163.7 ftPhase II163.4 ft164.0 ftstopping distance in feet, from zero; shorter is better
04080120160Phase I151.3 ft163.7 ftPhase II163.4 ft164.0 ftfeet, from zero; shorter is better
MustangCrown Victoria S

Each bar is one measured stop as printed, drawn from zero. The stops began at 60.2 to 60.6 mph, not exactly 60 (see the table); the head-to-head table compares the book’s deceleration rates.

60–0 mph stopsMustangCrown Victoria S
Phase I: initial speed (mph)60.260.3
Phase I: stopping distance (ft)151.3163.7
Phase I: rate (ft/s²)25.76423.891
Phase II: initial speed (mph)60.660.6
Phase II: stopping distance (ft)163.4164.0
Phase II: rate (ft/s²)24.17424.085
Average rate (ft/s²)24.96923.988

The Mustang’s first stop, 151.3 feet, was the shortest of the test; its second was 12.1 feet longer. The Crown Victoria’s two stops were 0.3 feet apart. The book gives no reason for either. The Crown Victoria had the larger brakes on paper: 385.8 square inches of swept area against the Mustang’s 286.6.

Where they stand in the archive

  • The Mustang’s 8.32 seconds to 60, 22.71 to 100 and 16.68-second quarter mile are quicker than any figure in this archive before 1983; the previous best were the 1978 Plymouth Fury 440’s 9.225 and 24.783 seconds and the 1980 Dodge Aspen 360’s 17.95-second quarter mile. Its 132.0 mph was second to the 1978 Fury’s 132.7.
  • Its 1:28.31 was the best lap average in the 1981 to 1983 books, all run on the 1.635-mile course. The averaging differs: the 1981 and 1982 books average every lap, the 1983 book the 12 fastest of 16; on all 16 laps the Mustang averages 1:28.81 (computed here), still the best.
  • The Crown Victoria S’s 1:30.59 was the best of the five scored cars. On the 1983 book’s averaging it is 0.22 seconds behind the 1981 Chevrolet Malibu 350’s 1:30.37, an average of all twelve laps; on all 16 of its laps the Crown Victoria S averages 1:31.09 (computed here), 0.72 seconds behind.
  • The next year, the 1984 book’s five-speed Mustang reached 60 in 7.43 seconds and 100 in 20.77, and its Crown Victoria S 351 ran 12.45 and 40.36 seconds and 118.1 mph.

0–100 mph across the test years

1520253035404519831984198519861987198819891990199119921993test year (model year)seconds to 100 mph
15202530354045’83’84’85’86’87’88’89’90’91’92’93test year (model year)seconds to 100 mph
MustangCrown Victoria 351the 1983 cars on this page

Each point is the 0–100 mph figure printed in that year’s source, as held in the archive’s test results: the full test book, or for 1985 the scoring sheet and for 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991 and 1993 a bulletin; the 1986, 1988 and 1989 bulletins call their results preliminary. The table names each source. For 1985 the scoring sheet heads its column only “ACCEL sec”; the 1985 page reads it as the 0–100 time because the specification’s category is “0 – 100 Acceleration”. The tests ran on different days in different weather, so the lines show what each source printed, not a controlled comparison. The entries are chosen by a rule, not by the books: the Mustang line is the 4-speed in 1983, the only Mustang that year, and the 5-speed from 1984 to 1993; the automatics, and the electric Mach-E entries of 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2026, are in the test results but not plotted. The Ford line is every entry whose printed name includes “Crown Victoria” and that has the 351 (5.8-litre) engine, 1983 to 1991; the Crown Victorias with the 302 (5.0-litre) engine in those years, and every Crown Victoria entry from 1992 on, are in the test results but not plotted. A line does not say the car was the same from one year to the next. The break in the Mustang line is 1985, which the archive holds only as a scoring sheet of four sedans, none of them a Mustang. Lower is quicker; the scale does not start at zero.

Every year in the chart
YearSourceMustang0–100 (s)Crown Victoria 3510–100 (s)
1983bookFord Mustang 30222.71Ford LTD Crown Victoria S 351 H.O.-VV39.81
1984bookFord Mustang (5-speed)20.77Ford LTD Crown Victoria S 351-VV40.36
1985scoring sheet—Ford Crown Victoria 351-VV39.78
1986bulletinFord Mustang (5-speed)19.81Ford Crown Victoria 5.8L-VV38.49
1987bookFord Mustang (5-speed)20.42Ford Crown Victoria 351-VV39.30
1988bulletinFord Mustang (5-speed)19.07Ford Crown Victoria 5.8L-VV37.67
1989bulletinFord Mustang (5-speed)19.24Ford Crown Victoria 5.8L-VV H.O.36.55
1990bookFord Mustang (5-speed)18.66Ford Crown Victoria 5.8L-VV34.02
1991bulletinFord Mustang (5-speed)18.84Ford Crown Victoria 5.8L-VV34.54
1992bookFord Mustang (5-speed)18.99—
1993bulletinFord Mustang (5-speed)18.45—

What the numbers show

  • The Mustang was ahead on every measure the two cars share: acceleration at every 10-mph step, the quarter mile, top speed, lap average, fastest lap and braking rate.
  • The Crown Victoria S was the larger car by every printed dimension, 1,089 lb heavier in test weight, and the only one of the two Michigan rated and scored.
  • The Crown Victoria’s two measured stops were closer together than the Mustang’s; the Mustang’s four acceleration runs were closer together than the Crown Victoria’s.
Source. Michigan State Police, 1983 Model Year Patrol Vehicle Testing, East Lansing, 1982: preface (p.ii); test methods (pp.4, 6 and 10); Table 1 (p.3); Table 2 (p.5); Table 3 (p.9); Table 4 (p.11); Table 5 and Table 6 (pp.14–15); Table 7 and Table 8 (pp.18–19); Appendix B (pp.33 and 42); Appendix C (pp.48 and 50). Earlier and later figures, and the chart of other test years: the year results for 1978 to 1993 (the books, the 1985 scoring sheet and the bulletins, as the chart’s table names them), through this archive’s database. See how the Michigan test works and the corrections page.